有没有会用Python编写一个简单的建模股票价格的小程序?能够对股票数据进行简单预测即可!求助!

2024-05-11 13:33

1. 有没有会用Python编写一个简单的建模股票价格的小程序?能够对股票数据进行简单预测即可!求助!

虽然懂python 但是不懂股票,
采用random()可以么,哈哈

有没有会用Python编写一个简单的建模股票价格的小程序?能够对股票数据进行简单预测即可!求助!

2. 急急急!!!利率变动对股市影响的数学公式(数学模型也可以)

没有公式,你看下面的信息自己做一个正反比例的模型,然后倒入这几年的经济数据拟合吧!!
(参考资料,英文中文都有)

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一般理论上来说,利率下降时,股票的价格就上涨;利率上升时,股票的价格就会下跌。因此,利率的高低以及利率同股票市场的关系,也成为股票投资者据以买进和卖出股票的重要依据。 

    利率对于股票的影响可以分成三种途径: 


    一是利率变动造成的资产组合替代效应,利率变动通过影响存款收益率,投资者就会对股票和储蓄以及债券之间做出选择,实现资本的保值增值。 

    通过资产重新组合进而影响资金流向和流量,最终必然会影响到股票市场的资金供求和股票价格。利率上升,一部分资金可能从股市转而投向银行储蓄和债券,从而会减少市场上的资金供应量,减少股票需求,股票价格下降;反之,利率下降,股票市场资金供应增加,股票价格将上升。 

    二是利率对上市公司经营的影响,进而影响公司未来的估值水平。 


    贷款利率提高会加重企业利息负担,从而减少企业的盈利,进而减少企业的股票分红派息,受利率的提高和股票分红派息降低的双重影响,股票价格必然会下降。相反,贷款利率下调将减轻企业利息负担,降低企业生产经营成本,提高企业盈利能力,使企业可以增加股票的分红派息。受利率的降低和股票分红派息增加的双重影响,股票价格将大幅上升。 

    三是利率变动对股票内在价值的影响。 


    股票资产的内在价值是由资产在未来时期中所接受的现金流决定的,股票的内在价值与一定风险下的贴现率呈反比关系,如果将银行间拆借、银行间债券与证券交易所的债券回购利率作为参考的贴现率,则贴现率的上扬必然导致股票内在价值的降低,从而也会使股票价格相应下降。股指的变化与市场的贴现率呈现反向变化,贴现率上升,股票的内在价值下降,股指将下降;反之,贴现率下降,股价指数上升。 

    以上的传导途径应该是较长的一个时期才能体现出来的,利率调整与股价变动之间通常有一个时滞效应,因为利率下调首先引起储蓄分流,增加股市的资金供给,更多的资金追逐同样多的股票,才能引起股价上涨,利率下调到股价上涨之间有一个过程。如我国央行自1996年5月以来的八次下调存款利率,到2002年1年期定期储蓄存款的实际收益率只有1.58%。在股票价格在较长时间内持续上涨的情况下,股票投资的收益率远远高于存款的报酬率,一部分储蓄存款转化为股票投资,从而加快了储蓄分流的步伐。从我国居民储蓄存款增长率来看,1994年居民储蓄存款增长率45.6%,之后增幅连年下滑,而同一时期股票市场发展迅速,1999年下半年开始储蓄分流明显加快,到2000年分流达到顶点,同年我国居民储蓄存款增长率仅为7.9%。这一年股票市场也牛气冲天。2001年储蓄分流则明显减缓,增长率14.7%,居民储蓄倾向增强。2001年股市波动性加大,股价持续几个月的大幅回调,则是2001年储蓄分流减缓、居民储蓄存款大幅增加的主要原因之一。 

    另外,利率对于企业的经营成本影响同样需要一个生产和销售的资本运转过程,短时间内,难以体现出来。因此,利率和股票市场的相关性要从长期来把握。 

    实际上,就中长期而言,利率升降和股市的涨跌也并不是简单的负相关关系。就是说,中长期股价指数的走势不仅仅只受利率走势的影响,它同时对经济增长因素、非市场宏观政策因素的反应也很敏感。如果经济增长因素、非市场宏观政策因素的影响大于利率对股市的影响,股价指数的走势就会与利率的中长期走势相背离。     

    典型如美国的利率调整和股市走势就出现同步上涨的过程。1992年至1995年美元加息周期中,由于经济处于稳步增长阶段,逐步收紧的货币政策并未使经济下滑,公司盈利与股价走势也保持了良好态势,加息之后,股票市场反而走高,其根本原因是经济增长的影响大于加息的影响。 

    我国从1996年5月进入降息周期的拐点。股指也进入上升周期。利率与股指的走势发生了5年的负相关关系。但2001年在利率没有进入升息周期的情况下,股指开始了下跌的趋势。分析其原因,我国非市场宏观政策因素的影响大于利率对股市的影响。人们对非流通的国有股将进入市场流通的担心和恐惧导致了股市投资的风险和收益发生了非对称的变化。从这个角度来看,由于我国目前非市场宏观政策因素仍然有比较大的不确定性,所以利率对股市的影响不能够成为我们研究和预测股市中长期走势的主要因素。 

    就短期而言,我国利率的变动对股价的走势很难判断存在相关性。利率调整当天和随后的股价波动并不能说明二者之间有何必然的联系。从当前股市的状况分析,很明显也和利率的走势不符合理论上的负相关性。股票市场的低迷更多地被归结为上市公司的质量以及诸多体制性问题和投资者信心问题。因此,在看待我国加息预期对于股票市场的影响时,还要考虑其他诸多因素,而不能简单从前文所述的理论关系来判断。利率只是影响股市的因素之一,而不是惟一决定因素。因此,我们不能唯利率升降是从,要具体分析,何况即使利率上升,股市也并不是就完全没有投资机会。(



Interest rates. Most people pay attention to them, and they can impact the stock market. But why? In this article, we'll explain some of the indirect links between interest rates and the stock market and show you how they might affect your life.

The Interest Rate
Essentially, interest is nothing more than the cost someone pays for the use of someone else's money. Homeowners know this scenario quite intimately. They have to use a bank's money (through a mortgage) to purchase a home, and they have to pay the bank for the privilege. Credit card users also know this scenario quite well - they borrow money for the short term in order to buy something right away. But when it comes to the stock market and the impact of interest rates, the term usually refers to something other than the above examples - although we will see that they are affected as well. (To read more, see Who determines interest rates?)

The interest rate that applies to investors is the U.S. Federal Reserve's federal funds rate. This is the cost that banks are charged for borrowing money from Federal Reserve banks. Why is this number so important? It is the way the Federal Reserve (the "Fed") attempts to control inflation. Inflation is caused by too much money chasing too few goods (or too much demand for too little supply), which causes prices to increase. By influencing the amount of money available for purchasing goods, the Fed can control inflation. Other countries' central banks do the same thing for the same reason.

Basically, by increasing the federal funds rate, the Fed attempts to lower the supply of money by making it more expensive to obtain.(To see more on the Federal Reserve, read Get To Know The Major Central Banks, The Fed Model And Stock Valuation: What It Does And Does Not Tell Us and Formulating Monetary Policy.)

Effects of an Increase
When the Fed increases the federal funds rate, it does not have an immediate impact on the stock market. Instead, the increased federal funds rate has a single direct effect - it becomes more expensive for banks to borrow money from the Fed. However, increases in the discount rate also cause a ripple effect, and factors that influence both individuals and businesses are affected.

The first indirect effect of an increased federal funds rate is that banks increase the rates that they charge their customers to borrow money. Individuals are affected through increases to credit card and mortgage interest rates, especially if they carry a variable interest rate. This has the effect of decreasing the amount of money consumers can spend. After all, people still have to pay the bills, and when those bills become more expensive, households are left with less disposable income. This means that people will spend less discretionary money, which will affect businesses' top and bottom lines (that is, revenues and profits).

Therefore, businesses are also indirectly affected by an increase in the federal funds rate as a result of the actions of individual consumers. But businesses are affected in a more direct way as well. They, too, borrow money from banks to run and expand their operations. When the banks make borrowing more expensive, companies might not borrow as much and will pay a higher rate of interest on their loans. Less business spending can slow down the growth of a company, resulting in decreases in profit. (For extra reading on company lending, read When Companies Borrow Money.)

Stock Price Effects
Clearly, changes in the federal funds rate affect the behavior of consumers and business, but the stock market is also affected. Remember that one method of valuing a company is to take the sum of all the expected future cash flows from that company discounted back to the present. To arrive at a stock's price, take the sum of the future discounted cash flow and divide it by the number of shares available. This price fluctuates as a result of the different expectations that people have about the company at different times. Because of those differences, they are willing to buy or sell shares at different prices. 

If a company is seen as cutting back on its growth spending or is making less profit - either through higher debt expenses or less revenue from consumers - then the estimated amount of future cash flows will drop. All else being equal, this will lower the price of the company's stock. If enough companies experience a decline in their stock prices, the whole market, or the indexes (like the Dow Jones Industrial Average or the S&P 500) that many people equate with the market, will go down. (To learn more, check out Why Do Markets Move?, Forces That Move Stock Prices and What causes a significant move in the stock market?)

Investment Effects
For many investors, a declining market or stock price is not a desirable outcome. Investors wish to see their invested money increase in value. Such gains come from stock price appreciation, the payment of dividends - or both. With a lowered expectation in the growth and future cash flows of the company, investors will not get as much growth from stock price appreciation, making stock ownership less desirable.

Furthermore, investing in stocks can be viewed as too risky compared to other investments. When the Fed raises the federal funds rate, newly offered government securities, such Treasury bills and bonds, are often viewed as the safest investments and will usually experience a corresponding increase in interest rates. In other words, the "risk-free" rate of return goes up, making these investments more desirable. When people invest in stocks, they need to be compensated for taking on the additional risk involved in such an investment, or a premium above the risk-free rate. The desired return for investing in stocks is the sum of the risk-free rate and the risk premium. Of course, different people have different risk premiums, depending on their own tolerance for risk and the company they are buying. However, in general, as the risk-free rate goes up, the total return required for investing in stocks also increases. Therefore, if the required risk premium decreases while the potential return remains the same or becomes lower, investors might feel that stocks have become too risky, and will put their money elsewhere.  

Interest Rates Affect but Don't Determine the Stock Market
The interest rate, commonly bandied about by the media, has a wide and varied impact upon the economy. When it is raised, the general effect is to lessen the amount of money in circulation, which works to keep inflation low. It also makes borrowing money more expensive, which affects how consumers and businesses spend their money; this increases expenses for companies, lowering earnings somewhat for those with debt to pay. Finally, it tends to make the stock market a slightly less attractive place to investment.

Keep in mind, however, that these factors and results are all interrelated. What we described above are very broad interactions, which can play out in innumerable ways. Interest rates are not the only determinant of stock prices and there are many considerations that go into stock prices and the general trend of the market - an increased interest rate is only one of them. Therefore, one can never say with confidence that an interest rate hike by the Fed will have an overall negative effect on stock prices.

3. 股票估价中的股利固定增长模型数学推导问题

可以用两种解释来解答你的问题:第一种是结合实际的情况来解释,在解释过程中只针对最后的结论所得的式子P0=D0(1+g)/(R-g)=D1/(R-g)来进行讨论,但理论依据上会有点牵强;第二种是从式子的推导过程来进行相关的论述,结合相关数学理论来解释,最后解释的结果表明g>R时,P0取值应为正无穷且结果推导。

第一种解释如下:
这个数学推导模型中若出现g>=R的情况在现实中基本不会出现的。要理解这两个数值在式子中成立时必有g<R恒久关系要结合现实进行理解。
若股利以一个固定的比率增长g,市场要求的收益率是R,当R大于g且相当接近于g的时候,也就是数学理论上的极值为接近于g的数值,那么上述的式子所计算出来的数值会为正无穷,这样的情况不会在现实出现的,由于R这一个是市场的预期收益率,当g每年能取得这样的股息时,R由于上述的式子的关系导致现实中R不能太接近于g,所以导致市场的预期收益率R大于g时且也不会太接近g才切合实际。
根据上述的分析就不难理解g>=R在上述式子中是不成立的,由于g=R是一个式子中有意义与无意义的数学临界点。

第二种解释如下:
从基本式子进行推导的过程为:
P0=D1/(1+R)+ D2/(1+R)^2+D3/(1+R)^3 + ……
=D0(1+g)/(1+R)+D0(1+g)^2/(1+R)^2+D0(1+g)^3/(1+R)^3……
=[D0(1+g)/(1+R)]*[1+(1+g)/(1+R)+(1+g)^2/(1+R)^2+(1+g)^3/(1+R)^3+……]
这一步实际上是提取公因式,应该不难理解,现在你也可以用g>=R时代入这个上述式子共扼部分(1+g)/(1+R)式子你就会发现(1+g)/(1+R)>=1,这样就会导致整个式子计算出来的数值会出现一个正无穷;用g<R时代入这个上述式子共扼部分(1+g)/(1+R)式子你就会发现0<(1+g)/(1+R)<1,这个暂不继续进行讨论,现在继续进行式子的进一步推导。
=[D0(1+g)/(1+R)]*[1-(1+g)^N/(1+R)^N]/[1-(1+g)/(1+R)](注:N依题意是正无穷的整数)
这一步实际上是上一步的一个数学简化,现在的关键是要注意式子的后半部分。若g=R,则(1+g)/(1+R)=1,导致1-(1+g)/(1+R)这个式子即分母为零,即无意义,从上一步来看,原式的最终值并不是无意义的,故此到这一步为止g=R不适合这式子的使用;若g>R,仍然有(1+g)/(1+R)>1,故此[1-(1+g)^N/(1+R)^N]/[1-(1+g)/(1+R)]>0,把这个结果代入原式中还是正无穷;g<R这个暂不继续进行讨论,现在继续进行式子的进一步推导。
=[D0(1+g)/(1+R)]*[1-(1+g)/(1+R)]
这一步是十分关键的一步,是这样推导出来的,若gR是无法推导这一步出来的,原因是(1+g)/(1+R)>1,导致(1+g)^N/(1+R)^N仍然是正无穷,即1-(1+g)^N/(1+R)^N极值为负无穷,导致这个式子无法化简到这一步来,此外虽然无法简化到这一步,但上一步中的式子的后半部分,当g>R时,仍然有[1-(1+g)^N/(1+R)^N]/[1-(1+g)/(1+R)]这一个式子为正无穷,注意这个式子中的分子部分为负无穷,分母部分也为负值,导致这个式子仍为正无穷。
P0=D0(1+g)/(R-g)=D1/(R-g)
(注:从上一步到这里为止只是一个数学上的一个简单简化过程,这里不作讨论)
经过上述的分析你就会明白为什么书中会说只要增长率gR时,原式所计算出来的数值并不会为负,只会取值是一个正无穷,且g=R时,原式所计算出来的数值也是一个正无穷。

股票估价中的股利固定增长模型数学推导问题

4. 一个股票的数模问题,急需答案!!!!!!!!!!!

NWPU观光团来电:
想楼主这种脑残的菜逼,还来玩数学建模,赶紧回家学1+1去吧

5. 计算股票价值的模型有哪些?

常见的方法有三种:1.Discounted Cash Flow(DCF)折现法2.Dividend Discount Model(DDM)股息折现法3.Earning Growth Model(EGM)盈利成长法。DCF法DCF法,即现金流量折现法,通常是企业价值评估的首选方法。DCF法的步骤是:1)确定未来收益年限T;2)预测未来T年内现金流;3)确定期望的回报率(贴现率);4)用贴现率将现金流贴现后加总。 DDM法就是以股息率为标准评估股票价值,对希望从投资中获得现金流量收益的投资者特别有用。可使用简化后的计算公式:股票价格=预期来年股息/投资者要求的回报率。例如:汇控今年预期股息0.32美元(约2.50港元),投资者希望资本回报为年5.5%,其它因素不变情况下,汇控目标价应为45.50元。盈利成长法相对估值在操作上相对简单,在默认市场对同类股票估值正确的前提下,用不同的企业数据(账面股本价值,销售额,净利润,EBITDA等)乘以相应的乘数(乘数是由市场上同类股票的估值除以其相应的企业数据得出的)。最为投资者广泛应用的盈利标准比率是市盈率(PE),其公式:市盈率=股价/每股收益。使用市盈率有以下好处,计算简单,数据采集很容易,每天经济类报纸上均有相关资料,被称为历史市盈率或静态市盈率。但要注意,为更准确反映股票价格未来的趋势,应使用预期市盈率,即在公式中代入预期收益。由于未来因素具有不确定性,无论用绝对估值和相对估值得出的往往都是一个价格区间的估值则相对简单。股票估值分类1.绝对估值就是用企业数据结合市场利率能算出来的估值。具体思路就是将企业未来的某种流(经营所产生的流,股息,净利润等)用与其在风险,时间长度上相匹配的回报率贴现得到的价值。2.相对估值是使用市盈率、市净率、市售率、市现率等价格指标与其它多只股票(对比系)进行对比,如果低于对比系的相应的指标值的平均值,股票价格被低估,股价将很有希望上涨,使得指标回归对比系的平均值。

计算股票价值的模型有哪些?

6. 股票估价公式计算

股票估值的方法是有很多种的,是依据投资者预期回报、企业盈利能力或者企业资产价值等不同角度出发的。股票估值计算主要包括的公式有:PE估值公式、PEG估值公式、PB估值公式、PS估值公式与EV/EBITDA估值公式。那么,股票估值具体要怎么计算呢?下面将介绍计算股票估值的5种方法。计算股票估值的方法1、PE估值法。PE估值法指的是用市盈率来进行估值。它指的是股价与每股收益之间的比值。计算的公式就是:pe=price/EPS,这种方法通常适用于非中期性的稳定盈利的企业。2、PEG估值法。计算的公式是:PEG=PE/G,其中,G表示的是Growth净利润的成长率,PEG估值法通常适用于IT等成长性较高的企业,并不适用于成熟的行业。此外注意净利润的成长率可以用税前利润的成长率/营业利益的成长率/营收的成长率来替代。3、PB估值法。计算的公式是:PB=Price/Book(市净率),这一指标相对来讲是粗糙的,它通常适用于周期性比较强的行业,以及ST、PT绩差或者重组型的公司。如果是涉及到国有法人股,那么就需要对这个指标进行考虑了,SLS引进外来投资者和SLS出让及增资的时候,这个指标是不能低于1的,否则,企业在上市过程当中的国有股确权的时候,你将有可能面临严格的追究以及漫漫无期的审批。4、PS估值法。计算的公式是:PS(价格营收比)=总市值/营业收入=(股价*总股数)/营业收入。这种估值的方法是会随着公司营业收入规模扩大而下降的,而营收规模较大的公司PS会较低,所以这一指标使用的范围是有限的,所以它可以作为辅助指标来使用。5、EV/EBITDA估值法。计算的公式是:EV÷EBITDA,其中,EV=市值+(总负债-总现金)=市值+净负债,EBITDA=EBIT(毛利-营业的费用-管理的费用)+折旧的费用+摊销的费用。EV/EBITDA以及市盈率(PE)等相对估值法指标的用法是一样的,其倍数相对于行业平均水平或者历史水平较高的通常说明高估,较低的则说明低估,不同的行业或者板块有不同的估值(倍数)的水平。

7. 怎么套用公式分析一只股票,举例说明做基本面分析和技术分析

楼主你不要相信什么技术分析和基本分析可以出奇的帮你致胜,技术分析我只会一个移动平均线(50日均线的上下百分之十就是指数的一大区间:胡立阳),这个在十一月份的高点也是正确的,可惜我卖了百灵留了中信,挺傻的当时搞反了。在股市中未来的收益都是不确定的,具体的投资组合,许多大师及高手他们有的一年才只做一只股票,所以这并不是说只拿着算就行的。
投资其实很简单,如果不简单请参照前一句。你说的方差什么的我现在都不学了,如果是兴趣,学点实用的,如果是从事这一行业的小心误导人民。股市中唯一不骗人的就只有成交量了。
胡立阳的价格投资,这个你要好好的看一下,特别是在中国的股市里面,里面的好多法则真的很好用的。技术分析在下跌中往往能给你一个错误的信号。
牛市前期追价值型的,牛市中后期追垃圾问题股。
目前行情简单的说一下个人的看法:年前如果跌破2800点,只要不是因为半岛局势那么大可以进仓,目标就是大盘蓝筹股,新兴产业绩优股,二八现象不可过于担心,大跌不要惊慌。

怎么套用公式分析一只股票,举例说明做基本面分析和技术分析

8. 请问高手有谁知道股票数学模型怎么做!

也不是上面那人说的那么玄,什么秘籍之类的,做股票数学模型,先问自己学过统计学,计量经济学没,学完了,再去CNKI里面找2篇文章来看看,然后就可以自己去找问题,比如:公司分红与送股对股价的影响?。然后找数据,然后建模型。上面说的只是流程,具体操作太复杂了,一般得一个结论都得费很久时间,而且每个人的的结论都不一样,里面的模型建立也是仁者见仁智者见智的,同时找数据也是一门艺术,数据没找对啥都完了